This paper uses a model of import prices whereby exporters to the euro area set export prices partly as a mark-up on …

firms, matching together export data with firm-level credit constraints, shows that most of the 2008-2009 trade collapse is …

from the heterogeneous firms literature suggests that firms face market entry costs for each new product they export and to … each new export market. Transport costs, border costs and retail and wholesale distribution costs might add up to 170% of … the export value, but formal import tariffs and duties are relatively unimportant. The results by the Observatory of …

In the second half of 1999 Statistics Netherlands carried out an ad hoc project on environment-related employment in … the Netherlands. The European Commission co-financed this project under the Community programme Environmental protection … and employment. Direct environment-related employment in the Netherlands estimated at least at 92,000 (end of 1997), which …