This note is a synthesis of the various studies existing on the development of the use of the euro by the customers, the businesses and the public administrations in the Member States participating to the EMU. It also presents the results of a regular survey of the Commission among European...

Produced by the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), these monthly notes look at the volumes of debt issued, the maturity structures and the conditions in the market.Quarterly notes look in greater detail at the market and at the factors behind the more substantial...

This paper develops a model with multiple steady states (low tax and unemployment rate versus high tax and unemployment rate) in which equilibrium selection is not conditioned on a sunspot variable. Instead, large enough shocks initiate unavoidable transitions from one regime to the other. The...