When people share risk in financial markets, intermediaries provide costly enforcement for most trades and, hence, are an integral part of financial marketsu0092 organization. We assess the degree of risk sharing that can be achieved through financial markets when enforcement is based on the...

The briefing note provides an overview of the progress made and existing gaps in the field of judicial co-operation in criminal matters. It first reviews perceived difficulties with the pillar structure and examines the amendments that the Reform Treaty - due to be formally adopted at the...

The purpose of the study was to: Analyse the current legal framework in all Member States including the definitions of specific offences relating to firearms trafficking, the sanctions, the liability of legal and natural persons and the notions of intent, negligence and aggravating or mitigating...

These country reports from EU Member States constitute the background material for the FRA report on 'The right to interpretation and translation and the right to information in criminal proceedings in the EU'. The information in the country reports is prepared under contract by the FRA’s...