The literature review showed that co-publications and co-patents are relevant proxies for international collaboration … technological R&D may have additional outputs than only patents. A number of motives for international collaboration was identified …

structural network. Second, both the process of Europeanisation and the process of regionalisation have stimulated co …-operation among subnational actors. Third, the implementation of the project has exposed a multi-level policy network with the pivotal …

importance of a multilayered network and pay equal attention to every layer of the transport network. The other issue that has … been criticised is the structure of the backbone network. While the development of the trans-European networks in western …. Even the backbone elements of the Transport Infrastructure Needs Assessment network, which enjoy priority today, still …