A European Company (Societas Europaea, SE) is a relatively new legal form of company operating on a Europe-wide basis. The EU legislation governing the formation and operation of such companies also stipulates the need for employee involvement, in the form of information, consultation and...

The research indicates that financial participation can deliver real benefits for employees, enterprises and national economies. However, despite this potential, it remains little used in most Member States, and is very unevenly distributed across the EU. This background paper has updated the...

Some financial products facilitate (“Financial Instruments”’) the use of voting rights that can be considered questionable under the law (“Questionable Uses of Voting Rights”). These Questionable Uses of Voting Rights become apparent when, using the Financial Instruments, an investor...