This study empirically examines the development of the high-yield segment of the corporate bond market in the United States, as a pioneer country, and the United Kingdom and the euro area, as later adopting countries. Estimated diffusion models show for the United States a significant pioneer...

Die Europäische Union steht nicht nur für freien Handel, offene Grenzen und eine gemeinsame Währung. Jeder EU-Bürger gleich welchen Alters hat das Recht, in einem EU-Land seiner Wahl zu reisen, zu leben, zu arbeiten, zu studieren oder seinen Ruhestand zu verbringen. Es gibt eine Fülle von...

The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has published its Annual Report 2013 (Report) on credit rating agencies (CRAs) in the European Union (EU). The Report also outlines ESMA’s supervisory work plan for this year.ESMA has found that CRAs continue to progress in how they comply...

With the development towards comprehensive and more sophisticated border control regimes, the problem of protection seekers’ access to EU territory has increasingly come into focus. Disorderly movement is presently the main avenue to safety in the EU, and human smugglers act as important...

On 8 October 2001, more than 31 years after negotiations had begun, the Council of the European Communities adopted Council Regulation No 2157/2001 (u0093Regulation 2157/2001u0094) on the statute for a European company and the related Council Directive 2001/86/EC supplementing the statute for a...