This paper examine differences between risk-neutral and objective probability densities of future interest rates. The identification and quantification of these differences are important when risk-neutral densities (RNDs), such as option-implied RNDs, are used as indicators of actual beliefs of...

The targeted increase of renewable energy sources in the European energy mix to 20% by 2020, and the goal of an 80-95% CO2 emissions reduction by 2050, will require changes to and extensions of the electricity grid. The integration of increasing shares of fluctuating renewable electricity,...

Based on a series of case studies, this study identifies the factors that can influence successful implementation of specific renewable energy technologies in European Union Member States. It aims to facilitate greater use of renewable energy sources and contribute to efforts by the EU and its...

Iberdrola S.A. is a Spanish-based company with headquarters in Bilbao. It is one of the world's leading private energy utilities and its core business is related to the generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electricity. The companyu0092s home markets are naturally situated in...

The energy sector is one of the central pillars of economic growth and competitiveness, and of social and territorial cohesion in Europe.[...] The signing of the Coal and Steel Treaty in 1951 and the European Atomic Energy Treaty in 1957 marked the significance of the energy sector throughout...

In cooperation with the Technical University of Ostrava, a feasibility study for the Envicrack cluster and its activities of developing and marketing pyrolysis technology was made. In November 2005, the cluster was founded by 17 members, among which are the university and Arrow Line, an SME...

The role envisioned for liquid biofuels for transport has come under increased scrutiny in the past year or two, due to the potential social and environmental impacts associated with scaling up biofuels production and use from its low level—currently representing about 1% of transport fuels...