Unlike the Vinerian perspective [named after Jacob Viner], which is generally critical of bilateral trade agreements and provides only a limited justification for them, the Subsidiarity perspective sees them in a more positive light, providing several explanations and justifications for their...

The Council of the EU requested this FRA Opinion in its Conclusions on business and human rights. The expert opinion sought from FRA was to look at “possible avenues to lower barriers for access to remedy at the EU level” – the third of three pillars of the UN Guiding Principles.

On 8 October 2001, more than 31 years after negotiations had begun, the Council of the European Communities adopted Council Regulation No 2157/2001 (u0093Regulation 2157/2001u0094) on the statute for a European company and the related Council Directive 2001/86/EC supplementing the statute for a...

This paper examine differences between risk-neutral and objective probability densities of future interest rates. The identification and quantification of these differences are important when risk-neutral densities (RNDs), such as option-implied RNDs, are used as indicators of actual beliefs of...

Two seemingly unconnected empirical results suggest an intriguing mechanism. First, economic integration helps harmonize prices internationally, with trade being the primary channel (Rogoff 1996, Goldberg and Knetter 1997). Second, monetary union may greatly increase the amount of trade among...