This paper is the final report for the STOA project Assessment of the Safety of Tunnels. The paper draws to a great extent on a literature search concerning the current status of risk assessment in relation to tunnels. It also draws on many conversations held with experts world-wide and to a...

Cross-border road traffic accidents raising jurisdictional issues represent about 1% of road traffic accidents in the EU27. The direct costs of these accidents can be set at approximately u0080450 million yearly, of which u0080150 million are due to medical expenses and damage to property,...