In this briefing paper we evaluate the performance of the EIB in its external lending and policies in relation to developing economies including its response to the financial crisis. We recommend policy changes including greater absolute levels of lending to developing economies and greater risk...

The paper examines the determinants of location choices of French multinational firms in eastern and western Europe. The sample includes 1,843 location choices in 19 countries over the years 1980-1999. The results suggest there might be important differences between the two regions of Europe...

Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to the Baltic countries were driven by different factors. Initially the process of privatisation and low labour costs attracted investment into public utilities and manufacturing. Later, taking advantage of the Baltic geographical location, further FDI...

Russia is now again one of the 10 largest economies in the world. Additionally, it is the EU’s 3rd largest trading partner, and an essential energy supplier. This recovery makes Russia an economic – and political – actor in Europe that cannot be ignored.This Country Focus describes...

Over the past four years, Romania has benefited from record FDI inflows, thanks to macroeconomic stabilisation, strong GDP growth, large-scale privatisations and the prospect of EU membership. However, privatisation-related FDI flows are slowing down since 2007, which have been an important...

The Czech Republic has been one of the primary recipients of foreign direct investment (FDI) among Central and Eastern European countries. Soon after transition, it attracted the attention of foreign investors based on sound economic fundamentals and the opportunities offered by early...

International trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) tend to exert a downward pressure on the relative wage of less skilled workers in developed countries. This Country Focus investigates whether the growing wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labour in Poland during the transition...

Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into Central and Eastern Europe declined from a record $31 billion in 2002 to a low of $21 billion last year, the result of the end of privatisation in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, according to the World Investment Report 2004: The Shift Towards...

This paper analyses regional growth in eastern Europe in the second half of the 1990s, when regional disparities sharply increased. It aims to identify the factors behind growth and to investigate in particular the role of (foreign) investment, education and innovation as well as geographical...

During the process of the European Union's enlargement to central and Eastern Europe, foreign direct investment (FDI) to these countries increased and will continue increasing after the enlargement. The effect of this investment was generally positive of the receiving countries, notably because...