This evaluation of the EU’s cooperation with the Eastern Africa, Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean region (EA-SA-IO) aims to: - Provide an overall and independent assessmentof the past and current cooperation. - Identify lessons learned and make recommendations to inform current and future...

The central scope of the evaluation is the Commission’s co-operation strategy with the region of Eastern and Southern Africa and the Indian Ocean (ESA-IO) and its implementation for the period 1996-2007 with the objective of: -providing the European Commission’s relevant external cooperation...

This study on the functioning of retail electricity markets for consumers in the EU is the follow up to the first market study conducted in 2009/2010, and published by the European Commission in 2010. The objectives of the current study are to investigate if a well-functioning electricity market...

Diese Studie stellt Informationen bereit, die den sektoralen sozialen Dialog im Energieversorgungssektor fördern sollen. In der Studie wird zunächst ein Überblick über den wirtschaftlichen Hintergrund und die Beschäftigungssituation des Sektor gegeben, dann werden die Organisationen der...

We estimate the effect of demand and price uncertainty on firms’ investment decisions from a panel of manufacturing firms. Uncertainty measures are derived from firms’ subjective qualitative expectations. They are close to their theoretical counterparts, the variances of future demand and...

Capital quality improvement is a general phenomenon. Therefore quality correction is needed in price indexes. There is substantial evidence of biases in the official price indexes of capital equipment. We apply to euro area statistics estimates of these biases based on US data thus deriving...

We analyze the impact of efficiency on bank risk. We also consider whether bank capital has an effect on this relationship. We model the inter-temporal relationships among efficiency, capital and risk for a large sample of commercial banks operating in the European Union. We find that reductions...