Societies provide institutions that are costly to use, but able to enforce long-run relationships. We study the optimal decision problem of using self-governance for risk sharing or governance through enforcement provided by these institutions. Third-party enforcement is modelled as a costly...

The Treaty of Accession consists of several parts. The overarching document is the short Treaty concerning the accession of the Republic of Bulgaria and Romania to the European Union. Attached to the Treaty is the Act of Accession and its Annexes. This act enters into force only in the event...

This EEA report constitutes the main part of the European Community's submission of its initial report to the secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The report establishes the assigned amount for the European Community (EU-15), and demonstrates its...

This EEA report constitutes the main part of the European Community's submission of its initial report to the secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The report establishes the assigned amount for the European Community (EU-15), and demonstrates its...

The depletion of the ozone layer by man-made chemicals was discovered in the mid-1970s. It was once described by the Nobel prize-winning scientist Paul Crutzen as u0093the worst disaster to hit the global environmentu0094. The international response embodied in the Montreal Protocol has been...

The Practice Guide intends to give an overview of the relevant current legal provisions (including case law) on matters of private international law and posting in the area of employment contracts to assist practitioners . This Guide is not intended to be legally authoritative, nor does it...

This study provides an overview of the situation of immigrants in the European Union, by focusing on the process of their integration and its impact on the labour market. Section 1 provides information on the scale of the migration phenomenon, focusing on the origin patterns of immigrants to the...

This paper aims to give a flavour of the latest developments across Europe and inform policy makers of topical issues. It will present measures taken in response to the recession (both employment market measures and financial stimulus packages), outline the extent of social partner involvement,...

We examine job flows in the 1990s for a sample of 13 European countries. By using a dataset of continuing firms that covers all sectors, we find firm characteristics to be important determinants of job flows, with smaller and younger firms within services typically having a larger degree of job...