Four years after the introduction of the euro, this paper provides an overview of the current structure and integration … of the euro area financial systems and related policy initiatives. We first compare the euro area financial structure … with that of the United States and Japan. Using new and comprehensive financial account data, we also describe how the euro …

Within a two-step GARCH framework we explore the linkages between equity returns of ten sectors in the euro area, the … process towards higher integration has been primarily a phenomenon of equity markets in the euro area and the United States. …

We examine the euro area monetary policy transmission process using post-1999 data, with two main questions in mind …

autarchic (i.e. fundamental) FX returns. The model is calibrated and tested on the Czech koruna/euro exchange rate in a setting … with seven Czech and euro area asset returns. …

euro as at September 2001. They update the previous factsheets dating from 1998 and outline the progress made since. …

in four important areas. The first part presents an assessment of the macro-economic performance of the euro-area economy … economic policy co-ordination. The second part describes the external development of the euro, including its role as an … international currency. The study then goes on to highlight the important changes which have taken place in euro-area financial …

phases of the completion of EMU (see also Euro Paper 38) as one of its activities targeted at enterprises “to draw practical …

This note is a synthesis of the various studies existing on the development of the use of the euro by the customers … of a regular survey of the Commission among European banks on the share of the euro in the payments and bank accounts. …

This review brings together the results of the various studies on the use of the euro in the Member States … euro is used in preparingaccounts and for payments by bank customers. The following conclusions can be drawn: - use of the … euro in public administrations is still underdeveloped although it is growingsteadily in most Member States. Tax payments …