In this paper we estimate gravity models to see whether trade volumes of countries in the MENA region are significantly … show that the variables used in standard gravity models cannot explain a significant part of MENA's trade performance …, particularly on exports. We then go on to 'augment' the standard gravity model with relevant variables from the World Bank …

This paper reviews the economics of trade policy in financial services, highlighting differences between trade across … borders and through commercial presence. Trade liberalization could complement other financial reforms by enhancing the …. However, it raises sectoral, strategic, and cultural concerns. The design of trade policy should therefore emphasize the nexus …

assets and financial liabilities, monetary survey and base, interest rates, balance of payments, foreign trade, commodity … composition of trade, fiscal operations of state budget, fund and social security funds. …

BSR FDIs. Our results suggest that EU enlargement has been significant for FDI activity in the region, and that FDI is … distance is not a significant factor. We conclude that while being traditional in nature, the BSR FDI pattern is undergoing …

-3) Keywords trade, economic integration Countries covered CIS Topics International Trade, Competitiveness and FDI Volume and … Countries covered EU Topics International Trade, Competitiveness and FDI The gravity of cross-border R&D expenditure (by Sandra …-specific Topics International Trade, Competitiveness and FDI Statistical Annex Selected data on FDI in Central, East and Southeast …

construction as a driver of China's demand for resource-intensive metal products. Second, it shows that global trade in non …Is China's demand for resources driven predominantly by domestic factors or by global demand for its exports? The … answer to this question is of interest given the highly resource-intensive nature of China's growth, and is important for …

This paper analyzes the indirect impact of China on the export performance of major European countries (Italy, France …, these EU countries are likely to be at risk from China’s competition, especially in consumer goods. The heterogeneity in the …” sectors, most vulnerable to China’s competitive pressure. Using data for the period 1995-2009, this paper estimates the …

of China (PRC) and India, can foster outward-oriented development and intra-regional trade based on comparative advantage …Open regionalism and trade cooperation between the world’s two largest developing countries, the People’s Republic … and available factor endowments. In view of the recent wave of worldwide subregional and bilateral trade cooperation, and …