This paper presents a critical analysis of some of the techniques which are applied in practice to obtain composite indicators from a previous sub-indicator system. In studying each methodology, we identify the advantages and disadvantages associated with them, paying particular attention to...

Introduction: Common approaches in cost-effectiveness analyses do not adjust for confounders. In nonrandomized studies this can result in biased results. Parametric models such as regression models are commonly applied to adjust for confounding, but there are several issues which need to be...

Orthodox and heterodox economists have promoted different liberalization measures in the economy in accordance with its vision for agriculture and manufacturing sectors. In this paper, we try to determine the impact of external terms of trade and domestic (the latter considers foreign trade...