The article is based on the results of author’s study survey conducted on a representative sample of municipalities of Podkarpackie voivodship. Based on the results of research, the article will present both the current state of insurance in local government units (LGUs) of the municipal...

The purpose of budget rules can be explored from the perspective of the expected results, obtained by their enforcement. On one hand, they are meant to improve or at least maintain certain levels of the budgetary deficit and public debt. On the other hand, they can help or limit the economic...

Self-governments are given new tasks without guaranteeing resources for their completion, an example of which is lowering the school obligation age.There are also some savings of the state budget at the expense of territorial selfgovernment. All these and other changes, including those planned...

Who pays for immigration control? According to the Lisbon Treaty the cost of enforcing the European border against illegal immigration shall be shared among the EU members. Nonetheless, the Treaty is vague with respect to the “appropriate measures” to adopt in order to distribute the...

This paper presents a model of political competition to explore the effect that the ideological distance between two political parties has over the provision of public goods. The main result argues that the ideological distance between parties and citizens has a negative relationship with the...

Today it's frequently used the terms PIGS or PIIGS, acronyms used by economic journalists to refer to different countries of the European Union for their statement of affairs. The bad connotation is evident from the fact that pigs in English suggest the bad state of the economies of these...

This paper offers a specific analysis of speculation bubbles in the economic history of the world, and then tries to identify the causes and effects of the speculation bubble on the real estate market in the USA, which was the main cause of the subprime crisis. The first part of the paper aims...

In this paper we extend the Stock and Watson’s (Leading economic indicators, new approaches and forecasting records, 1991) single-index dynamic factor model in an econometric framework that has the advantage of combining information from real and financial indicators published at different...

This paper sets out a comprehensive framework to identify regional business cycles within Spain and analyses their stylised features and the degree of synchronisation both within them and between them and the Spanish economy. We show that the regional cycles are quite heterogeneous although they...

Nachdem die deutsche Wirtschaft 2011 noch um drei Prozent gewachsen ist, sind die Aussichten für 2012 durch die Krise im Euroraum überschattet. Dadurch wird der kräftige Aufschwung unterbrochen, obwohl die Kapazitäten bis zuletzt nicht voll ausgelastet waren. Vorübergehend wird die deutsche...