One of the most important open macroeconomic issues, during the current global economic recession, concerns the sustainability of persistent budget and trade deficits as well as possible interactions between them. These deficits are most crucial due to severe debt servicing costs, faced by...

In this study, the effects of GDP per capita growth rates, real exchange rates, Standard and Poor’s (S&P) sovereign ratings, the difference between Transition Economies’ (TE) interest rates and USA’s interest rates on TEs’ net portfolio inflows were analyzed. The results showed that GDP...

IMF and World Bank were created after the Second World War as a result of monetary and fiscal Conference of the United Nations (UN) in the Bretton Wood, New Hampshire in July 1944. This conference was part of the efforts to finance the construction of Europe which was destroyed in the Second...