Die Industrie in Deutschland hat bis zum dritten Quartal das Produktionsniveau des Vorjahres knapp halten können. Sie stand einer im Jahresverlauf stark rückläufigen Nachfrage aus dem Inland und dem Euroraum und einer leicht steigenden Nachfrage aus dem Nicht-Euroraum gegenüber. Für das...

Econometric models, in the estimation of real estate prices, are a useful and realistic approach for buyers and for local and fiscal authorities. From the classical hedonic models to more data driven procedures, based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), many papers have appeared in economic...

The western pension systems and especially the Spanish one will noticeably be a®ected by an aging of the population that is currently underway. This work proposes a pension model for Spain which would mean deep structural reforms that would guarantee meeting the objectives established by a...

Grey system theory can powerfully deal with incomplete and uncertain information. In this paper, we introduced an improved grey GM(1,1) model that integrates residual modification with Markov chain model. By this model, we improved the forecast accuracy of original grey forecast model and...

Company valuation is not done after having generated a few values being a result of applying different valuation methods. In many cases institutions ordering the valuation request a value which can be an equivalent of a market, transactional value. Often the one method (and the valuation...