Numerous studies have discussed that even if fundamental for innovation and economic growth, SMEs are often financially more constrained than large firms. Therefore, venture capitalists are often the only available sources of financing to small and young companies. Through the analysis of a...

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) exist for stock, bond and commodity markets. In most cases the underlying feature of an ETF is an index. Fund management today uses the active and the passive way to construct a portfolio. ETFs can be used for passive portfolio management, for which ETFs with...

The present paper measured the efficiency of Islamic banks during economic troubles of 2006-2009 to address the question if Islamic banks were efficient and stable. This paper addresses this question by measuring efficiency through employing the on-parametric technique, Data Envelopment Analysis...

This article is divided into four sections. In the first one, we describe the origin and history of investment banking, with particular focus on the economic conditions that led to its birth in the United States. The second part considers those products offered by investments banks which are...

Quality of asset and efficiency of bank is highly correlated. The efficiency of banking in post-liberalization period is judged not only based of its profitability but also on quality of assets it holds. Non Performing Asset (NPA) is the foremost threat for banking stability and growth. Against...

Following the extra ordinary decision to bail in the unsecured depositors and restructure the two main banks and the near complete destruction of the country’s economic business model as an International Financial Centre, the author considers the changes necessary to rebuild the economy of...

The aim of this research is to explore the relationship of corporate governance with firm risk. This study establishes a link between corporate governance variables and firm risk for a sample of 106 Pakistani firms over a time of six years (2005-2010). Based on the estimation results, family...

Bank’s major approach in her internal rating system is credit scoring valuation which focused on corporates’ idiosyncratic risks and based on their financial indexes. Hence, an influence on corporates’ credit risks by business variation is not considered in her system. We model the effect...

Due to its known weaknesses Value at Risk (VaR) has been modified to have a better market risk measurement model. 2007-2008 global financial crisis has increased the necessity to incorporate market liquidity into widely used models. This is to raise the required regulatory capital for trading...

Jüngste Entwicklungen in Irland, Griechenland und Spanien zeigen: Finanzierungskrisen von Staaten gefährden deren Bankensektoren, Bankenkrisen die Zahlungsfähigkeit ihrer Heimatstaaten. Diese Kopplung von Staats- und Bankensolvenz wird durch den Home Bias im Staatsanleiheportfolio, also die...