This paper develops integral equation methods to the pricing problems of perpetual Bermudan options. By mathematical derivation, the optimal exercise boundary of perpetual Bermudan options can be determined by an integral-form nonlinear equation which can be solved by a root-finding algorithm....

The growth or decline of a region depends on its power to pull and retain both business and the right blend of people to run them. This pulling power depends on what we call the "Image" of the region, a variable which expresses the region's present state of development and future prospects and...

This paper theoretically analyses the measurement of capital flight scale, and the factors that affect capital flight. Then the basic equation of capital flight is improved by introducing three lemmas. -- capital flight ; equation ; capital control

The paper studies the efficiency of the Indian equity and futures markets by applying statistical techniques to returns and volatility during trading and nontrading hours. Returns have been decomposed into trading and non-trading period returns by taking close to open, open to close and close to...