Introduction: Common approaches in cost-effectiveness analyses do not adjust for confounders. In nonrandomized studies this can result in biased results. Parametric models such as regression models are commonly applied to adjust for confounding, but there are several issues which need to be...

In this paper, using the MCMC method, we derive the conditional distribution of "mean variance" variable. This random variable appears in the option pricing problem under the stochastic volatility assumption. Two real data sets are considered. -- conditional distribution ; equity returns ; MCMC...

The subject of interrelationship that exists between foreign direct investment (FDI) and standard of living has been an issue of both theoretical and empirical investigations. This study, thus examined the relationship between foreign direct investment and standard of living measured by per...

Cost plays a prominent decision making role in the life of an individual and organisation because it is a central focus of daily financial activities. In any financial engagement, usually for a reward, the costs that are incidental to the engagement could be broadly analysed into material,...

Deriving a functional form for a series of prices over time is difficult. It is common to assume some linearly estimable form for prediction purposes. While this can produce accurate short run forecasts it fails to identify longer trends and patterns that may exist in financial data....

The article aims at determining the inflation influence between Poland and selected EU member states. Although for some time the general inflation level in those countries was definitely controllable, the problem seems to be returning. That is why in this article, using the model of Vector...

This paper presents a critical analysis of some of the techniques which are applied in practice to obtain composite indicators from a previous sub-indicator system. In studying each methodology, we identify the advantages and disadvantages associated with them, paying particular attention to...

Orthodox and heterodox economists have promoted different liberalization measures in the economy in accordance with its vision for agriculture and manufacturing sectors. In this paper, we try to determine the impact of external terms of trade and domestic (the latter considers foreign trade...

Für den Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien in Deutschland ist neben den politisch gesetzten Rahmenbedingungen auch die Akzeptanz der Verbraucher entscheidend. Eine aktuelle Studie der DIW econ untersucht das Nachfrageverhalten ökologisch orientierter Stromkunden. Auf Basis einer Befragung wurde...