Die gesamtwirtschaftliche Steuerquote bezogen auf das Bruttoinlandsprodukt dürfte im Jahr 2013 bei 23,6 Prozent liegen; einschließlich der Sozialversicherungsbeiträge wird die gesamte Abgabenquote auf 39,3 Prozent geschätzt. Das ist höher als in den letzten zehn Jahren, liegt aber unter den...

Zahlreiche Menschen, Politiker und Wissenschaftler in Deutschland glauben, dass das "Bruttoinlandsprodukt", kurz BIP, als Maßzahl für gesellschaftlichen Wohlstand überholt sei. Deshalb hat der Deutsche Bundestag Ende 2010 eine Studien-Kommission ("Enquete- Kommission") eingerichtet, die den...

In der Politik sind wie im Geschäftsleben oft riskante beziehungsweise gefährliche Entscheidungen zu treffen, bei denen die Ergebnisse nur schwer oder gar nicht prognostizierbar sind. Da Menschen in ihren Einstellungen gegenüber Risiken und Gefahren variieren, ist es vernünftig, dass in...

This paper presents a model of political competition to explore the effect that the ideological distance between two political parties has over the provision of public goods. The main result argues that the ideological distance between parties and citizens has a negative relationship with the...

Bank loans through bank-firm relationship is expected to enhance the performance of firms owing to the possession of private information on the firms that is not readily available to other outside investors. This special relationship is deemed to be very important than equity financing in...

This article extends literature of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the context of corporate sustainability. The author presents the concept of Organizational Citizenship Behavior towards Sustainability (OCBS) as a variant, contending it's appropriateness for today's much needed...

In modern era, stress at workplace is a component of employees’ and organizations’ daily routine. The current research intends to study the gender differences as far as the ways that stress is witnessed in the workplace is concerned. Participants in this study were 231 Greek adults, employed...

This paper extensively reviews relevant literature on the complex and multidimensional nature and measure of effectiveness. After analyzing 15 perspectives on organizational effectiveness, it recommends that managers should appreciate the challenges inherent in striving for effectiveness...

Most of the people working in organizations requiring employee-customer direct interaction are facing different kinds of stress. Many of the stresses are related to their work such as target completion, pressure of providing best facilities to the customers. In addition to physical facilities...