Farming systems based on products of roughage feeders are a vital part of the EU agricultural production. Up to the CAP reform in 2003 the EU promoted these systems via a wide variety of measures. This paper highlights the different impacts European, national and regional support measures have...

Using euro area firm-level data since the recent financial crisis, we test whether bank lending constrained small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are more likely to use or apply for alternative external finance including trade credit, informal lending, loans from other companies, market...