, emphasizes knowledge as an economic object and, more generally, the economics of intellectual property rights. This paper argues …

Technological innovation depends on knowledge developed by scientific research. The num-ber of citations made in … patents to the scientific literature has been suggested as an indicator of this process of transfer of knowledge from science …-to-sector ma-trix of knowledge flows. We then propose a method to analyze this matrix and construct vari-ous indicators of science …

extremely useful to innovation through knowledge recombination. So how can firms reach beyond their existing contexts in their …---both geographically and technologically---in their search for new knowledge. But distant contexts may offer ideas and insights that can be … search for new knowledge? In this paper, we suggest that two mechanisms---alliances and the mobility of inventors---can serve …

specialization consist of products of higher quality in the specific technology. The results are consistent with knowledge and …