der Grenzproduktivitäten kommt. Auf makroökonomischer Ebene läßt sich eine optimale Schiefe der Einkommensverteilung … einen "egalitären Bias" aufweisen, der mitverantwortlich für die hohe Unterbeschäftigung in Europa sein dürfte. …

This paper challenges the conventional wisdom that income and consumption inequality in Poland increased substantially …

Kyn. The paper compares the empirical evidence on actual income distribution in Czechoslovakia and Poland with normative … between men and women is not. The empirical data for Czechoslovakia and Poland show that income differentials based on … education still persist, although they were at least in Czechoslovakia significantly reduced. In both Czechoslovakia and Poland …

subject to substantial external risks as Poland is highly integrated with Europe through trade and financial channels, as well … as with global financial markets. In IMF Staff’s view, Poland continues to meet the qualification criteria for access …