This study aims to predict the effects of financial development and Trade openness on the German energy consumption. To ensure this, the study used time series data from 1970- 2013. Following to this, the Zivot-Andrew structural break unit root test, the Bayer-Hank combined cointegration test,...

Our purpose here is to challenge the big-bang approach to economic history in which some alleged institutional imposition - a deus machine - is claimed to launch a series of new economic behaviors. This so-called prime mover is then carried forward by the inexorable forces of path dependency to...

EMU is, to a large extent, the result of a process of Franco-German reconciliation and understanding. However, in the postwar period, there were significant differences in ideas and economic policy-making in Germany and France. France was dominated by the "tradition républicaine", giving a...

Most of the literature investigating the effects of campaign spending on electoral outcomes focuses on individual candidates in majoritarian systems. This paper contributes to the literature on the effectiveness of party campaign spending on party vote shares under systems of proportional...

The paper presents the results of a research on railway regulation and liberalisation in Italy, France, Germany and Spain. The analysed fields of regulation are the relationship between the State and the rail companies, network access conditions by operators, slot allocating and pricing schemes...

Der Arbeitsbericht beschreibt die regionale Verteilung der finanziellen Staatshilfen für den Agrarsektor in der Förderperiode 1995 bis 2008. Räumliche Betrachtungseinheit sind die Bundesländer, Landkreise und siedlungsstrukturellen Kreistypen. Im Einzelnen wird die regionale Verteilung der...

We investigate to what extent convergence in production levels per worker has been achieved in Germany since unification. To this end, we model the distribution of GDP per employee across German districts using two-component normal mixtures. While in the first year after unification, the two...

German metropolitan areas with more highly skilled workers became increasingly skilled between 1975 and 2003, and this has important implications for urban employment growth.Using for the first time German metropolitan areas instead of administrative regions we show that the share of college...