This paper investigates how punishment promotes cooperation when the punishment enforcer is independent of its proposer …, cooperation is lower when the enforcement of punishment requires approval from an independent third party. Our data show that the … independent third party mitigates the severity of punishment and consequently diminishes the effectiveness of punishment on …

punishment of inefficient defection. Our paper provides evidence of a dark side of group membership. In the presence of cues of … competition between groups, a taste for harming the out-group emerges: punishment ceases to serve a norm enforcement function, and … mechanism that might help explain previous mixed results on the social value of punishment, and they contribute to understanding …

Common identity and peer punishment have been identified as important means to reduce free riding and to promote … combinations of homogenous or heterogeneous endowment, strong or weak identity, and absence or presence of peer punishment. We find … that without punishment, strong identity can counteract the negative impact of endowment heterogeneity on cooperation …

We elicit human conditional punishment types by conducting experiments. We find that their punishment decisions to an … individual are on average significantly positively proportional to other members’ punishment decisions to that individual. …

We explore the effect of income inequality and peer punishment on voluntary provision of public goods in an … find that aggregate cooperation is higher in both the voluntary contribution mechanism (VCM) and punishment treatments for … the VCM treatment is significantly enhanced. Demand for punishment by low and high endowment players are similar …

heterogeneous groups. When punishment is not allowed all groups converge towards free-riding. With punishment, contributions … that these differences are not accidentally but enforced by punishment. The enforced contribution norms are related to …

This paper investigates how punishment promotes cooperation when the punishment enforcer is a third party independent … of the implicated parties who propose the punishment. In a prisoner's dilemma experiment, we find an independent third … party vetoes not only punishment to the cooperators but punishment to the defectors as well. Compared with the case when the …

punishment opportunities are restricted to agents who are linked through alternative punishment networks. We find that the … structure of the punishment network significantly impacts contributions to the public good, but not overall efficiencies …. Contributions collapse over decision rounds in groups with limited punishment opportunities, even if the absolute punishment …

altruistic punishment by using public goods experiments. We conducted the experiments in Turkey at different points in time; one … punishment among individuals during Ramadan, even when the degree of their religiosity varied. However, less religious people did …