This paper investigates how punishment promotes cooperation when the punishment enforcer is independent of its proposer …, cooperation is lower when the enforcement of punishment requires approval from an independent third party. Our data show that the … independent third party mitigates the severity of punishment and consequently diminishes the effectiveness of punishment on …

punishment of inefficient defection. Our paper provides evidence of a dark side of group membership. In the presence of cues of … competition between groups, a taste for harming the out-group emerges: punishment ceases to serve a norm enforcement function, and … mechanism that might help explain previous mixed results on the social value of punishment, and they contribute to understanding …

that the specific punishment technology adopted plays in this context, and test to what extent punishing behavior can be … truly attributed to negative emotions. We find that a large part (around 70%) of the punishment behavior observed in … previous PTTG studies is explained by the technology of punishment adopted instead of negative emotions. Once this effect is …

punishment behavior. (3) Thereare discontinuous “jumps” in the behavior of responders. They either chooseno punishment (destroy … nothing) or the highest level of punishment (destroyeverything). (4) Expectations have a significant effect on the … probabilityof punishment but not on the intensity of experienced emotion. We explainthis last result in terms of norm …

punishment for an unkind action. It also studies how fairness perceptions affect the reaction to punishment and whether this …

a punishment regime, in which certain individuals are permitted, but not required, to have punishment directed toward … them. The punishment system can condition on type and contribution history. The results indicate that the most effective … regime, in terms of contributions and earnings, is one that allows punishment of low contributors only, regardless of …

span. We study a repeated linear public-good game with punishment opportunities. Our data shows that subjects who had … erences in contributions were not significant when comparing subjects bearing the same current costs of punishment points, but …

play a treatment with punishment, they cooperate less and face higher punishment costs than when first playing a treatment … without punishment. The changes are that drastic that punishment does not pay in the first case, while it does in the later …. Second, for participants first playing without punishment the contributions in the very first period of play determine the …

This paper investigates how punishment promotes cooperation when the punishment enforcer is a third party independent … of the implicated parties who propose the punishment. In a prisoner's dilemma experiment, we find an independent third … party vetoes not only punishment to the cooperators but punishment to the defectors as well. Compared with the case when the …