laboratory studies, the demand for punishment and reward are studied separately from one another. This paper presents the results … from an experiment measuring the demand for reward and punishment by ‘unaffected’ third parties, separately and jointly. We … find that the demand for costly punishment is substantially lower when individuals are also given the ability to reward …

We report a framed field experiment, in which we study the effectiveness of punishment and reward in sustaining …

in the presence of heterogeneity. Under a wide range of conditions, punishment tournaments, i.e., tournaments that award … discouraged less in punishment tournaments, and hence can be compensated less to meet their participation constraints. …

laboratory studies, the demand for punishment and reward are studied separately from one another. This paper presents the results … from an experiment measuring the demand for reward and punishment by 'unaffected' third parties, separately and jointly. We … find that the demand for costly punishment is substantially lower when individuals are also given the ability to reward …

lost wallet trust game (Dufwenberg and Gneezy (2000)) that permits punishment. Like previous studies, we collect data on … what you think others expect you to do has a zero causal effect on both reward and punishment decisions. We also find that …

We conduct a prisoner’s dilemma experiment with a punishment/reward stage, where punishments and rewards are risky …

. Controlling for the extent of norm violation, we find that demand for costly punishment is lower when participants also have the …, controlling for the extent of norm adherence. The reason is that participants use reward and punishment to signal their approval …. Similarly, the availability of punishment opportunities allows them to signal their approval by withholding punishment. This …