Philippine higher education (HE) plays an important role in the country’s economy and is vital in achieving global competitiveness.Poor quality,undeveloped innovation system, and inequality of access caused the current dismal state of the HE system.This could be traceable to the populist...

The paper examines the country's highly complex fee structure of higher educational institutions (HEI) and its changes over time. School fees vary widely across private colleges and universitites (CUs) in continuous fashion. In state universities and colleges (SUCs), fees have been arbitrarily...