Given the large financial investments required for DSM initiatives, it is important to have reliable and verifiable estimates of energy and demand impacts. Effective evaluation is critical to determine if programs are meeting their objectives, to determine the costs and savings associated with...

Virtually every analysis of cap-and-trade programs assumes that firms must surrender permits as they pollute. However, no program, existing or proposed, requires such continual compliance. Some (e.g. the Acid Rain Program limiting SO2 emissions) require compliance once a year; others (e.g. the...