Die Staaten der Welt haben auf die Terroranschläge des 11. September 2001 und die nachfolgenden Militärschläge gegen Afghanistan unterschiedlich reagiert. In der Region Ost- und Südostasien waren die Staaten je nach Position im Gefüge der internationalen Beziehungen und je nach innerer...

On September 3, 1954, Chinese artillery began shelling Quemoy (Jinmen), one of the Kuomintang-held offshore islands, setting off the first Taiwan Strait Crisis. This paper focuses on the crisis and analyzes the following three questions: (1) What was the policy the U.S. took towards the Republic...

This article briefly explores the many ways in which the George W. Bush administration's response to the terror attacks of September 11, 2001 do not conform to the predictions of the rational actor model. The article suggests that foreign policy decision-making models which focus on the...

This article briefly explores the many ways in which the George W. Bush administration's response to the terror attacks of September 11, 2001 do not conform to the predictions of the rational actor model. The article suggests that foreign policy decision-making models which focus on the...

The literature on economic sanctions has long studied sender countries’ policymaking as a simple choice between imposing sanctions to extract concessions from the targeted country and doing nothing. We depart from this simplifying assumption and analyze sanctions as a multifaceted foreign...

This study investigates why, despite the potential credibility enhancement associated with generating domestic audience costs, leaders (in this instance, U.S. presidents) frequently opt to “go private†by conducting foreign policy out of the public spotlight. The author argues that...

This article tests the hypothesis that ordinary people favor punishing badly behaved foreign actors to make them “pay†for their crimes rather than purely to protect national security interests. In an undergraduate sample, people’s endorsement of the principle of retributive...