"This paper summarises, explains and evaluates the most important findings on the scale and causes of structural unemployment in Europe against the background of a standardised theoretical frame of reference. In literature, structural unemployment is usually interpreted as the unemployment that...

"This paper summarises, explains and evaluates the most important findings on the scale and causes of structural unemployment in Europe against the background of a standardised theoretical frame of reference. In literature, structural unemployment is usually interpreted as the unemployment that...

Many proponents of action research for democracy seem to presuppose that to anchor action research in democratic ideals is a sufficient base for action researchers to legitimate their democratic purposes and intentions. This article starts out from the presupposition that anchoring action...

The study assesses strategies of various developmental organizations in Abbottabad to incorporate gender in Project management. This is census based research because of various limitations attached with data collection, whole population considered to reduce the chances of maximum error. Data...

Coase 1930 endures through the decades as one of the most-cited papers in economics due to the fact that it highlights a fundamental and equally enduring problem: "Economic theory has suffered in the past from a failure to state clearly its assumptions. Economists in building up a theory have...

Two abstract and computational models of the long-term process of science are proposed: AMS and HAMS. An outline specification of each model is given and the relationship between them explained. AMS takes an Olympian (\"artificial world\") view of science and its processes. HAMS is simpler and...

The extinction of polar bears by the end of the 21st century has been predicted and calls have been made to list them as a threatened species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. The decision on whether or not to list rests upon forecasts of what will happen to the bears over the 21st Century....