nature of smallholder agriculture in Africa; the many factors shaping the location, nature, and performance of agricultural …

In Africa, boundaries delineated during the colonial era now divide young independent states. By applying regression …

There is controversy about whether geography matters mainly because of its contemporaneous impact on economic outcomes … effect on income. However, in Africa rugged terrain afforded protection to those being raided during the slave trades. Since … the slave trades retarded subsequent economic development, in Africa ruggedness has also had a historical indirect …

There is controversy about whether geography matters mainly because of its contemporaneous impact on economic outcomes … effect on income. However, in Africa rugged terrain afforded protection to those being raided by slave traders. Since the … slave trade retarded subsequent economic development, in Africa ruggedness also has had a historical indirect positive …

Past studies of the relationships between economic activity and geography have been hampered by limited spatial data on …. The study indicates the importance of geophysical variables for Africa and questions whether the importance of latitude in …