Aviation policy makers are faced with the challenge of facilitating growing air travel in such a way that it meets environment objectives and the need to provide socially necessary air services. Various incentives have been offered to encourage the launch of new air routes or sustain existing...

German air transport is actually governed by two fundamentally different market regimes which belong to different geographical areas of the world: While intra-EU air transport as well as some other markets are fully liberalized, most air transport links with the rest of the world are still...

Many options for mitigating aviation's environmental impact rely on introduction of new aircraft technology, retrofits or early retirement of older aircraft. Using a global fleet database, we analyse aircraft lifecycles and their interaction with fuel price, demand, policy and economic cycles....

The valuation of externalities in transport planning is a serious and difficult business. Many methods advocated and used in the past, such as hedonic pricing, the human capital approach and contingent valuation; have been rightly criticised for their many shortcomings. Among specialist there is...

In February 2009, the EU Directive for the inclusion of international aviation into the EU emission trading with allowances for CO2 (EU-ETS) came into force. From 2012, virtually all flights landing and departing in the EU will be required to hold and surrender allowances. The initial allocation...

In January 2008, charges were introduced at selected German airports aimed at reducing local emissions of nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbon. The charge is aimed at setting economic incentives to accelerate the introduction and foster the use of environmentally friendly engine technology and is...

Airlines from Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman have gained significant market shares in international air transport. Traditionally travellers have chosen hubs like Amsterdam, Frankfurt, London or Paris as transfer points for trips to Asia. With the inauguration of...