This paper studies the status of nuclear weapons programs of Pakistan and its perspective on nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation. [FES Paper 9]

A survey of the work and role of Nuclear Disarmament bodies such as Mothers Embracing Nuclear Disarmament (MEND) and their means of influencing the Nuclear Issue in the west. Based on the assumption that nuclear wars are unwinnable, MEND and similar groups arose during the 60s, 70s and 80s to...

The nuclear states club includes nine states, in comparison to only five nuclear states that existed at the moment of entering into force of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1970. Nuclear proliferation had a significant evolution during the Cold War, but also in the post-Cold War period,...

In August 1945, the United States dropped two nuclear bombs against the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki initiating the so-called “nuclear era”. Some years later, the number of countries possessing this terrible weapon increased to five. Today, eight or nine countries are in possession of...

Nuclear weapons and language - is there a connection? Linguistics is an established science, but what has it got to do with nuclear weapons? This article was inspired by several international disarmament negotiations where I noticed that diplomats work in a communicative reality related to the...

The majority of the NPT states parties believes that the treaty, in its current form, is not the appropriate instrument to achieve the destruction of all nuclear weapons and the closure of all nuclear weapon production facilities located in the territory or that are under the jurisdiction or...

The Estonian electricity market will be fully opened in 2013. Given ever-stricter environmental standards limiting the use of domestically available oil shale as main fuel for electricity generation and expansion of regional power pools, it is widely believed that Estonia’s currently low...

Manufacturing employment has continuously declined in developed economies for more than decade time, but service sector in turn has significantly grown. Services also include warehousing, which connects customers and globally concentrated manufacturing units together. In this manuscript we...

A curious ownership structure is found in Northern Europe – foundations that own <p> and operate business companies. The foundations are non-profit entities, they have no <p> members and no owners, and they cannot be dissolved, but regard it as a goal in itself <p> to run a business. In many cases...</p></p></p>

The rationale and policy proposed by two collaborating projects is to increase innovation through improved connectivity among SMEs within Northern European supply chains. To inform project policy, we test the hypothesis "improvement in broadly defined connectivity as online business activity,...