The poverty of households headed by women has emerged as an important development issue in the recent past. Evidence from many developing countries, specially in Latin America and Africa, has underlined the economic vulnerability of this group and predicted an increasing incidence of...

The paper estimates intersectoral terms of trade for the period from 1970-71 to 1981-82. On the basis of these results the study further analyses the relationship between terms of trade and aggregate farm output over the period. The findings indicate some improvement in agriculture's terms of...

Pakistan, like other under-developed countries, is faced with a situation where factor prices do not reflect their scarcity values, thereby leading to a waste of valuable resources in the form of highly capital intensive techniques and excess capacity in the manufacturing sector. Low costs of...

The origins of the infonnal sector are traced to the twin problems of rapid urbanization, as a result of rural to urban migration, and low rates of employment expansion in the "modem" sector. The inability of the "modern" sector to provide jobs for the fast growing urban labour force, however,...

The main purpose of this paper is to identify variations in demographic and economic characteristics of households by income groups. For amost two decades now development planners have been concerned with the issue of income disparities and poverty. Whereas previous studies in this area for...

The study has two objectives: to evaluate existing empirical work on the subject of sectoral tax burdens, and to present alternative estimates of relative tax capacity and tax burden for the farm and non-farm sectors during the Seventies. The results indicate that whereas the agricultural sector...

The primary objective of the survey was to collect information on women's productive and reproductive choices within the broader context of the conditions in their household. Since women bear the main responsibility of domestic work and child care, their employment outside the house is closely...

Despite the fact that there are great disparities in factor endowments, -techniques employed in the manufacturing sector of underdeveloped labour -surplus countries are comparable to those of highly industrialized capital .abundant countries like the United States. A.R. Khan in his paper on...

This study of the relationship between female employment and fertility is based on a survey of 1000 ever-married women in Karachi. A distinct pattern of differentials in actual performance and in desired fertility is observed across working and non-working women. Working women are not a...

Gender systems depict several dimensions of the relations between men and women across different social settings. Mason (1995) has described the complexity of gender systems that encompass concepts such as women’s standing, empowerment, the sexual division of spheres and the rather widely used...