that gradually emerged in Sweden after the deep economic crisis of the early 1990s. By now, Swedish public finances stand … out among the strongest in Europe. Recent Swedish macroeconomic performance has been impressive. As Sweden and Portugal … are small open economies in the periphery of Europe, Sweden may serve as a fiscal model for Portugal. Policy lessons are …

This paper compares Poland and Sweden in the second half of eighteenth century, as two, poorly developed, agrarian … countries. Sweden secured its existence, but Poland did not manage to break out of a political dependency and ultimately …