This report – linked to the technical documents of the OECD manuals for the measurement of R&D activities (“Frascati Family”) – presents the essential elements of bibliometrics and its application to the analysis of research systems. Bibliometrics is based on the enumeration and...

Intra-European S&T coauthorships doubled in the last decade, but the collaborative network was surprisingly unaffected. The strongly voluntarist process in the European Union seems far from making collaboration unavoidable or homogeneous. We address the role of frontier regions in the...

This article depicts the evolution of Japanese science and technology policy after the Second World War, shedding light on the ‘reactive’ method applied in formulating S&T policy for nearly 50 years. It argues that this method has attained its limits and that there is constant incoherence...

An important component in the deregulation of the public sector in the European Union is public procurement of services and products. This article studies the bidding behaviour of firms participating in public tenders of passenger railway services in Sweden. In a theoretical part of the article...

Since the introduction of mobile telephony in the early fifties in Europe, US and Japan the demand for this service exploded. It seems that the latent demand for mobile telecommunication services for decade's continued to be very strong. Since the introduction of cellular technology the capacity...

The purpose of this paper is to describe Sweden's recent reforms to open the railway passenger markets to entry, and to address how the reforms have handled four critical issues for the success of the reforms: the allocation of infrastructure capacity; the provision of maintenance and terminal...

This paper deals with railway deregulation and related reforms by means of a case study of Sweden, studying the 1988 split of railway infrastructure from operations and the subsequent steps of vertical and horizontal disintegration to a market characterized by decentralization and intra-modal...