In this chapter we compute measures of total factor productivity (TFP) growth for developing countries and then contrast TFP growth with technological capital indexes. In developing these indexes, we incorporate schooling capital to yield two new indexes: Invention-Innovation Capital and...

This chapter describes the impact of national agricultural research systems on the unfolding of the Green Revolution in four regions: Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa. Although international institutions contributed much of the research that led to...

Recent research has shown that there appears to be real opportunities for less developed countries to obtain high yields to their investments in technoogy licensing agreements. Using a unique data set on all foreign technology licensing agreements entered into by India's largest 485 private...

This paper reviews econommic studies of rice research programs and attempts to identify the contributions of rice varietal improvement to changes in rice productivity. I also report some new work specifically addressed to the contributions of genetic resources to the production of rice varieties.

Biodiversity has become economically important. Most general biologists focus on diversity across species, and within-species classification is given little attention by taxonomists. But to agriculturalists the latter is vital, because plant and animal breeding depends on within-species...

This paper document research and development spillovers between nations and between industries, discussing some theoretical and measurement issues. A new technique makes patent data more practical for economic uses, allowing analysis of the industries of manufacture and sectors of use for...

This paper tests whether structural change in US agriculture is an important channel to TFP growth and evaluate the relative impcat of (i) public research and education policies, (ii) private R&D and market forces, and (iii) government farm programs on structural change.

This paper provides a basis for both the base case projections and an important policy simulation dealing with the diffusion of biotechlogy to developing countries

The scope of intellectual property rights has been expanded in recent years to cover plant varieties. Plant breeders' rights provide weak protection to private plant breeders in many countries. The US and a few other developed countries provide patent protection to plant varieties as well as to...