Common reasons mentioned for a firm's internationalization are related to advantages for the firm. However, if firms are conceptualized as political coalitions, this view does not seem to be sufficient to explain why and to what extent firms internationalize. A principal-agent theoretical...

In this paper, we present a new quantitative measurement concept that integrates multiple dimensions of internationalization in a complex number and tries to measure globalization instead of simple internationalization. We apply this measure to assess the globalization states and processes of...