We discuss competition policy issues of vertical integration in internetbased two-sided markets against the background of the Google antitrust allegations. Network effects and economics of scale often lead to dominating companies, which are integrated over several markets. This implies...

Since the mid-1990s, competition in the Austrian product markets has become markedly more vigorous, driven by "externally induced" competition-oriented structural reforms. In terms of product market regulation, Austria ranks in the middle range in international comparisons. Same as other...

With the amendment to the cartel law in 2002, a new institutional basis had been established for competition policy in Austria. Responding to domestic and European pressure to reform, legislators provided the groundwork for setting up the Federal Competition Authority and Federal Cartel...

We discuss competition policy issues of vertical integration in internetbased two-sided markets against the background of the Google antitrust allegations. Network effects and economics of scale often lead to dominating companies, which are integrated over several markets. This implies...

This work expounds on implementing an effective dynamic (s,S) policy to solve a liner shipping refueling and speed determination problem under both bunker prices and consumption uncertainties. While solving an optimization model which incorporates a continuous distribution is extremely...

As bunker fuel cost constitutes a major portion of the shipping liners’ operating cost, it is imperative for them to minimize the bunkering cost to remain competitive. Service contract with a fuel supplier is a strategy they venture on to reduce this cost. Typically, liner operators enter into...

The problem of optimal container vessels deployment is one of great significance for the liner shipping industry. Although the pioneering work on this problem dates back to the early 1990s, only until recently have researchers started to acknowledge and account for the significant amount of...

It has been stated that the meaning of higher efficiency is equivalent to being more competitive and profitable for enterprise operations. Using insights from fundamental analysis, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relative operational performance and market efficiency of liner...

There are over 20 'components' in an international door-to-door transportation, ranging from warehousing and distribution, to forwarding, documentation, transportation, customs clearance, etc.. As tariffs in ocean transportation tend to converge due to competition and service homogenization,...