This note argues that the declining interest in the theory of effective protection is not justified, shows how the existence of intermediate goods affects the basic economics of tariffs, gives a simple proof of the symmetry of export subsidies and import duties with intermediate goods, and then...

An inherent affinity exits between the evolutionary interpretation of the invisible hand and the science of complexity. The evolutionary interpretation regards the market economy as an adaptive, self-organizing, and evolving process while the science of complexity studies the endogenous...

The link between output changes and factor-mix adjustments in general equilibrium is examined for each of nine industries using pooled data from 12 developed countries over the years 1970-85. Specifications of the Stolper-Samuelson theorem and the specific-factors model of production are built...