This article deals with the determination of the opportunity costs of government projects. In the past, authors such as S. A. Marglin and M. S. Feldstein developed fromulae for opportunity costs, starting (implicitly) from a particular variant of a neoclassical model. In the article, it is...

This paper estimates the dose-response relationship between air pollution and the number of work loss days for the Netherlands. The study is based on illness data (work loss days) for the Dutch labour population and average year concentrations of air pollution in 29 districts. The dose-response...

The paper gives a benefit-cost analysis of ammonia emission control policy in TheNetherlands. Particular care has been given to calculation of the health benefits. Adose-response relationship between air pollution and the number of work loss dayshas been estimated by applying the one-way...

Our basic model is a noncooperative multi-player game in which the governments of neighboring counties trade emission reductions. We prove the existence of a market equilibrium (combining properties of Pareto and Nash equilibria) and study algorithms of searching a market equilibrium. The...

This paper discusses trade mechanisms in pollutionpermit markets. Proofs are given, that sequential,bilateral trade in tradeable emissions permitsconverges to a market equilibrium with minimal totalcosts of pollution control. If ambient or depositionpermits are traded, the convergence of...

Informal objectives of managers next to the formal objective of the organization can be a source of organizational slack or X-inefficiency in nonprofit organizations. If the organization is subsidized, the donor can restrain organizational slack by choosing an appropriate subsidy system. Four...

In the US the first stage of a federal system of tradeable sulfur allowances started on January 1, 1995. This article assesses the first experiences with the program. The design of the program is set out and contrasted with the earlier EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) emission trading...