This article analyses the relationship between the main antecedents of and imports/GNP ratio as a subtle reflector of macro-level consumer ethnocentrism (CE). We constructed a model that reflects the macro level ethnocentrism in a domestic country. This ratio expresses the economy openness of a...

In Europe, anthropocentric organization models had their maximum expression in the Swedish model, which came to be known as “uddevalism” or “volvoism”. There are several factors that were presented as conditioners of this success (cf. Durand, 1994). Some critical factors to the success...