Investigates how macroeconomic shocks and policies for agricultural performance have affected living standards, especially in agriculture.

ILO pub-WEP pub-PREALC pub. Working paper, econometric model of household income per individual, based on a case study of Ecuador - considers income distribution in relation to family size, and number of income earners; examines an income redistribution scheme including tax reform and family...

Estimates the effects of the 2008-09 trade contraction on employment and incomes in India and South Africa, using social accounting matrices (SAMs) in a Leontief multiplier model. Employment results are presented at aggregate and industry levels and examine gender and skills biases. Income...

The study aims to assess the labour absorptive capacity of the enterprise economy, to uncover the nature and scope of training, employment and income opportunities available and to identify a set of policy alternatives which could enhance its potential role in the development process - rather...

Staff Discussion Notes showcase the latest policy-related analysis and research being developed by individual IMF staff and are published to elicit comment and to further debate. These papers are generally brief and written in nontechnical language, and so are aimed at a broad audience...

Samoa currently faces two important public policy challenges in the health sector. One is to stem, and then reverse, the rapid rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The second challenge is to put the country on a health-financing path that is effective, efficient, and financially affordable...