Marx’s theory of surplus-value is fundamental to his innovations in the theory of value and Classical Political Economy …. When Marx’s theory of surplus-value is considered in the context of the long-period method, the dynamics of surplus …

Because economic affairs involve individual action, they must be understood on the basis of a theory which is both … individual action. Economic theory, then, requires a conception of the individual agent or subject of economic activity. In this … essay, I explore this conception as it develops in the classical theory exemplified by the work of Adam Smith and Karl Marx. …