The objective is to measure how the values of firms are affected when experiencing shareholder activism. According to several researchers, firms can benefit from increased monitoring. If activism prompts managers to focus more closely on shareholder goals, it could enhance firm value over time....

This study develops a currency option pricing model under stochastic interest rates when interest rate parity holds, and it is assumed that domestic and foreign bond prices have local variances that depend only on time. We demonstrate how existing currency option models are simply derived from...