To study the consequences of an economic change on income distribution we rank distributions of income at different points in time and quantify the degree of income inequalities. Changes in income distribution can be ascertained either through drawing the Lorenz curves or through estimating...

The constant-market-Share technique provides useful information for analyzing export performance by allowing realised export growth to be separated into commodity composition, market diversification, world trade and export promotion effects. Furthermore, the analysis of export promotion effect...

Pakistan had an excellent growth record in economic sectors over the past 3D years, with an average annual growth rate of the GDP of over 6 percent. However, social development indicators could not grow in commensurate with the growth rate of the economy. Because of the past neglect of the...

The emerging role of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as a source of stimulating economic growth in Pakistan has attracted considerable attention by the present Government. Their significant contribution to national production and employment, coupled with important shares in exports, has...

The urban informal sector of Pakistan is both large and growing rapidly, covering host of different activities. To understand the development-oriented and job-promoting character of the informal sector, it is useful to have knowledge about the characteristics of self-employed, who manage and...

In order to prepare concrete policy proposals for the prOlllotion of the informal sector, it is essential to have a knowledgeable account of the basic characteristics and facts about this sector. This report presents the stylized facts about the urban informal sector, such as the characteristics...

From its inception the GATT had guided international trade most successfully until the early 1970s. However, afterwards the developed countries (DCs) increasingly recurred to new forms of trade restrictions not covered by the GATT rules. Ironically, these “grey measures” were mostly against...