Between 1993 and 2013, the US trade deficit with Mexico and Canada increased from $17.0 to $177.2 billion, displacing 851 700 US jobs. All of the net jobs displaced were due to growing trade deficits with Mexico. The number of US jobs displaced by trade deficits with Canada declined slightly...

Recent studies have compared labor losses in import-competing industries with the costs of protection and found that those losses are not large enough to justify trade restraints. This study develops a new technique for estimating the costs and benefits of protection and provides a complete...